Kazakh Variations for Herders and Animals in the Mongolian Altai: Methodological Contributions to the Study of Nomadic Pastoralism

Charlotte Marchina (1) , Antoine Zazzo (2) , Nicolas Lazzerini (2) , Aurélie Coulon (3, 4) , Sébastien Lepetz (2) , Noost Bayarkhuu (5, 6) , Tsagaan Turbat (5) , Camille Noûs (7)

1 IFRAE - Institut français de recherche sur l’Asie de l’Est
2 AASPE - Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements
3 CESCO - Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation
4 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
5 MAS - Mongolian Academy of Sciences
6 USTC - University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei]
7 Laboratoire Cogitamus

Kazakh herders of the Mongolian Altai practice a form of nomadism characterised by high altitudinal amplitude and more frequent movements than in other regions of Mongolia. This paper proposes a local scale study of nomadic practices using an original multidisciplinary methodological approach combining anthropological surveys and several years' GPS data tracking of five herder families' herds. The dialogue between geo-localised and qualitative data over several consecutive years makes it possible to better understand the environmental, economic, social and individual factors that determine nomadic routes and calendars. It also highlights the ways in which herders cope with interannual variations. In particular, this new methodology reveals the importance of temporary herd separations and re-evaluates the frequency of nomadic movements, which might have been underestimated by the classical anthropological approach.

Mots clés: Mongolia; Kazakhs; GPS tracking; nomadism; herd separation; Mongolia

Domaines: Sciences de l'Homme et Société

Charlotte Marchina, Antoine Zazzo, Nicolas Lazzerini, Aurélie Coulon, Sébastien Lepetz, et al.. Kazakh Variations for Herders and Animals in the Mongolian Altai: Methodological Contributions to the Study of Nomadic Pastoralism. Nomadic Peoples, 2022, 26 (1), pp.33-60. ⟨10.3197/np.2022.260103⟩. ⟨hal-03864602⟩