甘青一带语言借贷的历史层次及模式

The historical layers and borrowing patterns in Gansu-Qinghai languages

Dan Xu (1)

1 CRLAO - Centre de Recherches Linguistiques sur l'Asie Orientale

研究语言接触必然会涉及借贷问题。语言接触最初常通过词汇借贷，进一步就可以发生句法借贷。本文试图考察借贷的历史层次和模式。词汇借贷较之句法借贷更容易厘清借贷方向和层次，而句法借贷的层次剥离就比较困难。某一句法现象在一个地理区域内都存在，是某一祖语的遗留扩散还是语言区域内的共同创新呢？如果某些句法现象出现在不同语系、不同语族的语言里，那么借贷的历史层次和模式就非常值得我们研究。我们将通过实例探讨这两个层面（词汇和句法）的问题。词汇借贷将以西北地区甘肃省的东乡语和唐汪话为例。句法借贷将以甘青一带的格标记为例。

Language contact will result in linguistic borrowing. It often begins with lexical borrowing and is then followed by syntactic borrowing. This paper attempts to examine the historical layers and patterns of borrowing. Compared to lexical borrowing, the historical layers and patterns of syntactic borrowing are more difficult to tease apart. When a syntactic phenomenon exists in a geographical area, is it an ancestral legacy or a joint innovation in a linguistic area? If some syntactic phenomena appear in different language families and different language groups, then the historical layers and patterns of borrowing deserve more investigation. We will explore the issues of these two levels (lexical and syntactic) through concrete examples. For lexical borrowing, we will study Dongxiang and Tangwang languages in Gansu Province. For syntactic borrowing, we will use the case study in the Gansu-Qinghai area.

Mots clés: 词汇借贷，句法借贷，历史层次，借贷模式，格标记; lexical borrowing syntactic borrowing historical layer borrowing pattern case marking

Domaines: Sciences de l'Homme et Société; Linguistique

Dan Xu. 甘青一带语言借贷的历史层次及模式. 民族语文 Mínzú Yǔwén [Minority Languages of China], 2018, 6, pp.3-21. ⟨hal-02088305⟩